Some types of primary brainstem tumors include glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma. It includes most of the brainstem and a dense coral-shaped structure called the cerebellum. Brain tumor: A primary brain tumor can develop in any region of the brain and cancer from elsewhere in the body can spread to the brain.It connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as. The aneurysm can compress structures in the brainstem, may impair blood supply, or may cause severe effects if it bleeds. The brain stem sits beneath your cerebrum in front of your cerebellum.

Brain aneurysm: A brain aneurysm can affect blood vessels in any location of the brain, including the blood vessels near the brainstem. The basal nuclei in the cerebrum are connected with a few more nuclei in the brain stem that together act as a functional group that forms a motor pathway.It is associated with various vital functions, such as the sleep-wake cycle, consciousness, and respiratory and cardiovascular control. Movement disorders: Several movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, are associated with dysfunction and degeneration of certain areas of the brainstem, such as the substantia nigra and the red nucleus. Lateral hemispheres: also called the cerebrocerebellum, where cortical efferents enter and inform the cerebellum about motor program of the cerebral cortex. As the name suggests, the brainstem is a structure situated at the base of the brain connecting the subcortical structures with the spinal cord.This can produce life-threatening effects, such as breathing impairment. Increased intracranial pressure: When there is swelling in the brain, such as due to a head trauma, a stroke, or an infection, it can place pressure on the brainstem, affecting its function.There are four lobes in the cortex, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe. Our studies show that there are also major changes in the human brainstem, most notably in structures that are known or suspected to project to the cerebellum. The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres the outer layer called the cortex (gray matter) and the inner layer (white matter). The human brain is distinguished by parallel and functionally linked expansion of the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex (Herculano-Houzel, 2010). Multiple sclerosis (MS): The white matter of the brainstem can be affected by demyelination in MS, leading to symptoms that may be reversible, progressively worse over years, or permanent, depending on the type of MS. There are three main divisions cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem.

Cerebrum cerebellum brain stem function